Give two pieces of evidence from Figure 1 that this cell was undergoing mitosis. Explain your answers.

1.

2.

Tick (✓) one box that gives the name of the stage of mitosis shown in Figure 1.

☐ Anaphase

☐ Interphase

☐ Prophase

☐ Telophase

When preparing the cells for observation the scientist placed them in a solution that had a slightly higher (less negative) water potential than the cytoplasm. This did not cause the cells to burst but moved the chromosomes further apart in order to reduce the overlapping of the chromosomes when observed with an optical microscope.

Suggest how this procedure moved the chromosomes apart.

The dark stain used on the chromosomes binds more to some areas of the chromosomes than others, giving the chromosomes a striped appearance.

Suggest one way the structure of the chromosome could differ along its length to result in the stain binding more in some areas.

In Figure 2 the chromosomes are arranged in homologous pairs. What is a homologous pair of chromosomes?

Give two ways in which the arrangement of prokaryotic DNA is different from the arrangement of the human DNA in Figure 1.

1.

2.