In photosynthesis, which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction?

Tick (✓) one box.

☐ ADP, inorganic phosphate and water

☐ ADP, inorganic phosphate and carbon dioxide

☐ ATP, reduced NADP and water

☐ ATP, reduced NADP and carbon dioxide

Describe what happens during photoionisation in the light-dependent reaction.

Explain why the student marked the origin using a pencil rather than using ink.

Describe the method the student used to separate the pigments after the solution of pigments had been applied to the origin.

Calculating the Rf values of the pigments can help to identify each pigment. An Rf value compares the distance the pigment has moved from the origin with the distance the solvent front has moved from the origin.

Rf = distance pigment has moved from the origin / distance solvent front has moved from the origin

The distance each pigment has moved is measured from the middle of each spot.

Pigment A has an Rf value of 0.95

Use Figure 5 to calculate the Rf value of pigment C.

Rf value of pigment C =

The pigments in leaves are different colours. Suggest and explain the advantage of having different coloured pigments in leaves.