At P on Figure 3, the pressure in the left ventricle is increasing. At this time, the rate of blood flow has not yet started to increase in the aorta.

Use evidence from Figure 3 to explain why.

At Q on Figure 3 there is a small increase in pressure and in rate of blood flow in the aorta. Explain how this happens and its importance.

A student correctly plotted the right ventricle pressure on the same grid as the left ventricle pressure in Figure 3.

Describe one way in which the student's curve would be similar to and one way it would be different from the curve shown in Figure 3.

Similarity

Difference

Use information from Figure 3 to calculate the heart rate of this dog.

Heart rate ______________ beats minute–1