Explain how ziconotide reduces severe, constant pain.

Suggest two reasons why the patients had ziconotide injected into their cerebrospinal fluid rather than taking a pill containing the drug.

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Ziconotide was injected at 3 ng kg–1 h–1 for 8 days into each patient.

1 ng = 1 × 10–9 g

Calculate the total mass in grams of ziconotide injected after 8 days into a patient with a body mass of 82 kg

Show your working.

Answer ______________ g

When the patients recorded the intensity of pain, suggest two reasons why it was important to use a statistically valid scale.

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