Define the biological term population.

Ecologists monitored the biodiversity of birds in a protected woodland.

They recorded the number of bird species breeding in the woodland on the same day, every year for a 30-year period.

Which statement correctly represents the species richness of the woodland?

Tick (✓) one box.

☐ The number of all species present in the woodland

☐ The number of all species present in the woodland and their habitats

☐ The number of animal and plant species present in the woodland

☐ The number of bird species present in the woodland

A student studying the information in this question concluded that all woodlands should be protected to increase the biodiversity of birds.

Evaluate the student's conclusion.

It is not possible to extrapolate the data for the number of bird species recorded breeding each year beyond 1979.

Explain why.

In this woodland, the ecologists measured the similarity in the bird community by comparing each year to 1949 using an index of similarity.

This index ranges from 1.0 for total similarity to 0.0 for total dissimilarity.

Suggest how the changes in the index of similarity in the bird community provide evidence for the process of succession.

In Figure 5, the index of similarity for the last 10 years remains fairly constant.

Name the stage of a succession this represents.

Suggest one reason why the index of similarity is not absolutely constant.

Stage of succession

Reason why the index of similarity is not absolutely constant

The news website published the headline:

The LPI shows human activities cause significant decrease in biodiversity.

Suggest three reasons why this headline is not valid.

Use all the information provided.

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