Other than the Golgi apparatus, name one structure in Figure 2 which shows that P. vivax is a eukaryote.

Describe two functions of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell.

1

2

P. vivax evolved from a common ancestor in Africa. As humans migrated around the world, new strains of P. vivax evolved.

P. vivax is now extremely rare in Africa but there are several different strains of P. vivax in other parts of the world.

Figure 3 shows a phylogenetic diagram of the evolution of these different strains.

What does Figure 3 suggest is the order of human migration out of Africa?

Tick (✓) one box.

☐ Europe, India, East Asia, Central America, South America

☐ India, East Asia, Europe, South America, Central America

☐ India, Europe, East Asia, Central America, South America

☐ South America, Central America, East Asia, Europe, India

There are an estimated 229 million cases of human malaria worldwide per year. 94% of these cases are found in Africa, but are not caused by P. vivax. P. vivax does cause 61% of the cases of human malaria outside Africa.

Use this information to calculate the number of cases worldwide caused by P. vivax each year.

Answer ______________ cases of malaria

In Africa today, most of the human population are resistant to malaria caused by P. vivax.

Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain why this resistance is so common in Africa.